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　　地下室排煙管道設(shè)計(jì)是建筑防火設(shè)計(jì)中的重要環(huán)節(jié)，其合理性直接關(guān)系到火災(zāi)時人員疏散與消防救援的效率。設(shè)計(jì)過程中需嚴(yán)格遵循相關(guān)規(guī)范，同時規(guī)避常見誤區(qū)，以下從多個維度闡述關(guān)鍵禁忌事項(xiàng)。

　　The design of basement smoke exhaust ducts is an important part of building fire protection design, and its rationality directly affects the efficiency of personnel evacuation and fire rescue during a fire. During the design process, it is necessary to strictly follow relevant specifications and avoid common misconceptions. The following elaborates on key taboos from multiple dimensions.

　　管道布局規(guī)劃階段需避免兩大誤區(qū)。首先，忌盲目追求最短路徑而忽視防火分區(qū)劃分。排煙管道穿越防火分區(qū)時，必須設(shè)置公稱動作溫度280℃的防火閥，且穿越處縫隙需采用不燃材料嚴(yán)密填塞。若為縮短管長而省略防火閥，火災(zāi)高溫可能導(dǎo)致煙氣突破防火分隔，引發(fā)火勢蔓延。其次，忌將排煙口與安全出口貼鄰布置。規(guī)范要求排煙口與最近安全出口邊緣水平距離應(yīng)大于1.5米，若違反此規(guī)定，火災(zāi)時高溫?zé)煔饪赡苤苯記_擊疏散通道，威脅人員生命安全。

　　Two major misconceptions need to be avoided during the pipeline layout planning phase. Firstly, avoid blindly pursuing the shortest path and neglecting the division of fire zones. When the smoke exhaust duct passes through a fire compartment, a fire damper with a nominal operating temperature of 280 ℃ must be installed, and the gaps at the crossing must be tightly filled with non combustible materials. If the fire damper is omitted to shorten the pipe length, the high temperature of the fire may cause smoke to break through the fire separation, leading to the spread of the fire. Secondly, avoid placing smoke exhaust outlets adjacent to safety exits. The standard requires that the horizontal distance between the smoke exhaust outlet and the nearest safety exit edge should be greater than 1.5 meters. If this regulation is violated, high-temperature smoke may directly impact the evacuation passage during a fire, posing a threat to personnel safety.

　　管道系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)存在三項(xiàng)核心禁忌。其一，排煙量計(jì)算忌簡單套用公式。需根據(jù)空間凈高、火災(zāi)荷載密度等參數(shù)綜合確定，例如層高超過6米的場所，排煙量需按60m3/(h·㎡)計(jì)算，且不小于15000m3/h。其二，忌忽視管道耐火極限要求。排煙管道穿越防火分區(qū)、防火隔墻時，其隔熱層厚度不應(yīng)小于25mm，且管道表面溫度不應(yīng)超過100℃。若采用鍍鋅鋼板等普通材料，必須外敷不燃隔熱層。其三，忌將補(bǔ)風(fēng)系統(tǒng)與排煙系統(tǒng)共用管道。補(bǔ)風(fēng)管道需獨(dú)立設(shè)置，且補(bǔ)風(fēng)量不應(yīng)小于排煙量的50%，以確?；馂?zāi)時形成有效氣流組織。

　　There are three core taboos in pipeline system design. Firstly, the calculation of smoke exhaust should avoid simply applying formulas. It needs to be determined comprehensively based on parameters such as spatial net height and fire load density. For example, in places with a floor height exceeding 6 meters, the smoke exhaust volume should be calculated at 60m 3/(h · ㎡) and not less than 15000m 3/h. Secondly, it is important not to overlook the fire resistance limit requirements for pipelines. When the smoke exhaust pipe passes through the fire compartment or fire partition wall, the thickness of its insulation layer should not be less than 25mm, and the surface temperature of the pipe should not exceed 100 ℃. If ordinary materials such as galvanized steel plates are used, a non combustible insulation layer must be applied externally. Thirdly, avoid sharing the ventilation system with the smoke exhaust system. The supplementary air duct should be independently installed, and the supplementary air volume should not be less than 50% of the smoke exhaust volume to ensure effective airflow organization during a fire.

　　設(shè)備選型與安裝環(huán)節(jié)需規(guī)避四類問題。排煙風(fēng)機(jī)忌選用普通通風(fēng)機(jī)，必須采用軸流式或離心式消防排煙專用風(fēng)機(jī)，其耐高溫性能需滿足280℃條件下連續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)30分鐘的要求。管道連接忌采用非金屬軟連接，防火閥至排煙口段應(yīng)采用金屬管道，連接處需焊接或采用法蘭連接并跨接接地。排煙口設(shè)置忌被裝飾物遮擋，其底邊距地面高度宜為2.0-2.5米，且應(yīng)處于儲煙倉范圍內(nèi)。最后，忌忽視系統(tǒng)調(diào)試環(huán)節(jié)，需通過聯(lián)動測試驗(yàn)證排煙口開啟、風(fēng)機(jī)啟動、防火閥關(guān)閉等動作的時序性，確?；馂?zāi)時系統(tǒng)能按預(yù)設(shè)邏輯運(yùn)行。

　　There are four types of issues that need to be avoided in the equipment selection and installation process. Ordinary ventilation fans should not be used for smoke exhaust. Axial or centrifugal fire-fighting smoke exhaust fans must be used, and their high temperature resistance must meet the requirement of continuous operation for 30 minutes at 280 ℃. Non metallic soft connections should not be used for pipeline connections. The section from the fire damper to the exhaust outlet should use metal pipelines, and the connection should be welded or flanged and grounded. The smoke exhaust outlet should not be obstructed by decorations, and its bottom edge should be 2.0-2.5 meters above the ground, and it should be located within the range of the smoke storage compartment. Finally, do not neglect the system debugging process. It is necessary to verify the timing of actions such as opening the smoke exhaust outlet, starting the fan, and closing the fire damper through linkage testing to ensure that the system can operate according to the preset logic during a fire.

　　特殊場景設(shè)計(jì)需注意五項(xiàng)要點(diǎn)。地下汽車庫忌將排煙管道與排風(fēng)管道合并，排煙口應(yīng)沿車行方向均勻布置，且與最遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn)水平距離不應(yīng)大于30米。設(shè)備用房排煙系統(tǒng)忌與通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)混用，配電室、發(fā)電機(jī)房等應(yīng)設(shè)置獨(dú)立機(jī)械排煙設(shè)施。對于超長地下室，忌設(shè)置單一排煙系統(tǒng)，當(dāng)長度超過60米時，應(yīng)劃分防煙分區(qū)并設(shè)置機(jī)械排煙系統(tǒng)。自然排煙窗忌設(shè)置在走道端部，其開啟面積應(yīng)滿足規(guī)范要求，且手動開啟裝置距地面高度宜為1.3-1.5米。最后，忌忽視日常維護(hù)管理，需定期清理管道積塵，檢查防火閥、排煙口等部件功能，確保系統(tǒng)始終處于良好戰(zhàn)備狀態(tài)。

　　Special scenario design should pay attention to five key points. Underground garages should avoid merging smoke exhaust pipes with exhaust ducts. Smoke exhaust outlets should be evenly arranged along the direction of vehicle travel, and the horizontal distance from the farthest point should not exceed 30 meters. The smoke exhaust system in the equipment room should not be mixed with the ventilation system, and independent mechanical smoke exhaust facilities should be installed in the distribution room, generator room, etc. For ultra long basements, it is forbidden to install a single smoke exhaust system. When the length exceeds 60 meters, smoke prevention zones should be divided and mechanical smoke exhaust systems should be installed. Natural smoke exhaust windows should not be installed at the end of the aisle, and their opening area should meet the regulatory requirements. The height of the manual opening device from the ground should be 1.3-1.5 meters. Finally, it is important not to neglect daily maintenance and management. It is necessary to regularly clean up dust accumulation in pipelines, check the functionality of components such as fire dampers and exhaust vents, and ensure that the system is always in good combat readiness.

　　地下室排煙管道設(shè)計(jì)需兼顧規(guī)范性與實(shí)用性，通過科學(xué)計(jì)算、合理選型、精細(xì)施工，構(gòu)建可靠的防火生命線。設(shè)計(jì)人員應(yīng)深入理解規(guī)范內(nèi)涵，避免經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義錯誤，以專業(yè)素養(yǎng)守護(hù)建筑消防安全。

　　The design of basement smoke exhaust pipes should balance standardization and practicality, and build a reliable fire lifeline through scientific calculation, reasonable selection, and meticulous construction. Designers should have a deep understanding of the connotation of standards, avoid empirical errors, and safeguard building fire safety with professional competence.

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